diff --git a/main.pdf b/main.pdf index db6ee24..c68441a 100644 Binary files a/main.pdf and b/main.pdf differ diff --git a/main.tex b/main.tex index 55b7af4..0277d45 100644 --- a/main.tex +++ b/main.tex @@ -493,8 +493,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{HF} (Hydrofluoric acid, Hydrogen fluoride) -\textbf{Valence:} F is -1, H is +1 - \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid in aqueous solution (unlike other hydrogen halides), can dissolve glass. \textbf{Reactions:} @@ -508,8 +506,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{HCl} (Hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen chloride) -\textbf{Valence:} Cl is -1, H is +1 - \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, colorless gas, forms white fumes in moist air. \textbf{Reactions:} @@ -524,8 +520,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{HBr} (Hydrobromic acid, Hydrogen bromide) -\textbf{Valence:} Br is -1, H is +1 - \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, stronger reducing agent than HCl. \textbf{Reactions:} @@ -538,8 +532,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{HI} (Hydroiodic acid, Hydrogen iodide) -\textbf{Valence:} I is -1, H is +1 - \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strongest reducing agent among hydrogen halides. \textbf{Reactions:} @@ -557,7 +549,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-N=O} -\textbf{Valence:} N is +3, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} N is +3 \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists only in solution. @@ -572,7 +564,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]N(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} -\textbf{Valence:} N is +5, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} N is +5 \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong oxidizing agent. @@ -591,7 +583,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]S(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)} -\textbf{Valence:} S is +4, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} S is +4 \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, exists only in solution, reducing agent. @@ -606,7 +598,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]S(=[2]O)(=[:-30]O)(-[:90]OH)} -\textbf{Valence:} S is +6, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} S is +6 \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong dehydrating agent, strong oxidizing agent (concentrated). @@ -624,7 +616,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-[:30]P(=[2]O)(-[:-90]OH)(-[:150]OH)} -\textbf{Valence:} P is +3, O is -2, H is +1 (in OH groups), H is +1 (bonded to P) +\textbf{Valence:} P is +3 \textbf{Properties:} Dibasic acid (only 2 acidic H), reducing agent. @@ -638,7 +630,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]P(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)(-[:90]OH)} -\textbf{Valence:} P is +5, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} P is +5 \textbf{Properties:} Weak tribasic acid, non-oxidizing. @@ -655,7 +647,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-Cl} -\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +1, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +1 \textbf{Properties:} Very weak acid, strong oxidizing agent, unstable. @@ -670,7 +662,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)} -\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +3, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +3 \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists only in solution. @@ -678,7 +670,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} -\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +5, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +5 \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong oxidizing agent. @@ -692,7 +684,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)(=[6]O)(-[:-30]O)} -\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +7, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +7 \textbf{Properties:} Very strong acid, strongest common acid, powerful oxidizing agent when hot/concentrated. @@ -708,7 +700,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]C(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)} -\textbf{Valence:} C is +4, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} C is +4 \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists in equilibrium with CO$_2$ and H$_2$O. @@ -725,19 +717,19 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-Br} -\textbf{Valence:} Br is +1, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Br is +1 \textbf{HBrO$_3$} (Bromic acid) \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Br(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} -\textbf{Valence:} Br is +5, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Br is +5 \textbf{HIO$_3$} (Iodic acid) \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]I(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} -\textbf{Valence:} I is +5, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} I is +5 \textbf{Reactions:} \begin{itemize} @@ -749,7 +741,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:18]I(-[:90]OH)(-[:162]OH)(-[:234]OH)(-[:-90]OH)} -\textbf{Valence:} I is +7, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} I is +7 \textbf{Reactions:} \begin{itemize} @@ -762,7 +754,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{NaOH} (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda, Lye) -\textbf{Valence:} Na is +1, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Na is +1 \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, deliquescent, corrosive. @@ -777,7 +769,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{KOH} (Potassium hydroxide, Caustic potash) -\textbf{Valence:} K is +1, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} K is +1 \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, more hygroscopic than NaOH. @@ -790,7 +782,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{LiOH} (Lithium hydroxide) -\textbf{Valence:} Li is +1, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Li is +1 \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, used in CO$_2$ scrubbers. @@ -803,7 +795,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Ca(OH)$_2$} (Calcium hydroxide, Slaked lime, Hydrated lime) -\textbf{Valence:} Ca is +2, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Ca is +2 \textbf{Properties:} Moderately strong base, sparingly soluble in water (lime water). @@ -817,7 +809,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Mg(OH)$_2$} (Magnesium hydroxide, Milk of magnesia) -\textbf{Valence:} Mg is +2, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Mg is +2 \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, very sparingly soluble, antacid. @@ -829,7 +821,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Ba(OH)$_2$} (Barium hydroxide) -\textbf{Valence:} Ba is +2, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Ba is +2 \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, more soluble than Ca(OH)$_2$. @@ -845,7 +837,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{N(-[:90]H)(-[:210]H)(-[:330]H)} -\textbf{Valence:} N is -3, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} N is -3 \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, pungent gas, very soluble in water. @@ -863,7 +855,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Formula:} NH$_4^+$ and OH$^-$ ions in aqueous solution -\textbf{Valence:} N is -3, H is +1, O is -2 +\textbf{Valence:} N is -3 \textbf{Properties:} Aqueous ammonia solution, weak base. @@ -877,7 +869,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Fe(OH)$_2$} (Iron(II) hydroxide, Ferrous hydroxide) -\textbf{Valence:} Fe is +2, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Fe is +2 \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, white-green solid, easily oxidized. @@ -889,7 +881,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Fe(OH)$_3$} (Iron(III) hydroxide, Ferric hydroxide) -\textbf{Valence:} Fe is +3, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Fe is +3 \textbf{Properties:} Very weak base, brown precipitate. @@ -900,7 +892,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Al(OH)$_3$} (Aluminum hydroxide) -\textbf{Valence:} Al is +3, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Al is +3 \textbf{Properties:} Amphoteric, white precipitate, antacid. @@ -913,7 +905,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\ \textbf{Cu(OH)$_2$} (Copper(II) hydroxide, Cupric hydroxide) -\textbf{Valence:} Cu is +2, O is -2, H is +1 +\textbf{Valence:} Cu is +2 \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, blue precipitate.