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Remove valence information for various acids and bases in main.tex for clarity. Update main.pdf to reflect these changes.

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Nikaidou Haruki
2025-10-23 16:45:53 +09:00
parent b8795fe80d
commit a6e6796231
2 changed files with 27 additions and 35 deletions
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@@ -493,8 +493,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{HF} (Hydrofluoric acid, Hydrogen fluoride) \textbf{HF} (Hydrofluoric acid, Hydrogen fluoride)
\textbf{Valence:} F is -1, H is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Weak acid in aqueous solution (unlike other hydrogen halides), can dissolve glass. \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid in aqueous solution (unlike other hydrogen halides), can dissolve glass.
\textbf{Reactions:} \textbf{Reactions:}
@@ -508,8 +506,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{HCl} (Hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen chloride) \textbf{HCl} (Hydrochloric acid, Hydrogen chloride)
\textbf{Valence:} Cl is -1, H is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, colorless gas, forms white fumes in moist air. \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, colorless gas, forms white fumes in moist air.
\textbf{Reactions:} \textbf{Reactions:}
@@ -524,8 +520,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{HBr} (Hydrobromic acid, Hydrogen bromide) \textbf{HBr} (Hydrobromic acid, Hydrogen bromide)
\textbf{Valence:} Br is -1, H is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, stronger reducing agent than HCl. \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, stronger reducing agent than HCl.
\textbf{Reactions:} \textbf{Reactions:}
@@ -538,8 +532,6 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{HI} (Hydroiodic acid, Hydrogen iodide) \textbf{HI} (Hydroiodic acid, Hydrogen iodide)
\textbf{Valence:} I is -1, H is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strongest reducing agent among hydrogen halides. \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strongest reducing agent among hydrogen halides.
\textbf{Reactions:} \textbf{Reactions:}
@@ -557,7 +549,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-N=O} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-N=O}
\textbf{Valence:} N is +3, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} N is +3
\textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists only in solution. \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists only in solution.
@@ -572,7 +564,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]N(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]N(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)}
\textbf{Valence:} N is +5, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} N is +5
\textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong oxidizing agent. \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong oxidizing agent.
@@ -591,7 +583,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]S(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]S(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)}
\textbf{Valence:} S is +4, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} S is +4
\textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, exists only in solution, reducing agent. \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, exists only in solution, reducing agent.
@@ -606,7 +598,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]S(=[2]O)(=[:-30]O)(-[:90]OH)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]S(=[2]O)(=[:-30]O)(-[:90]OH)}
\textbf{Valence:} S is +6, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} S is +6
\textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong dehydrating agent, strong oxidizing agent (concentrated). \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong dehydrating agent, strong oxidizing agent (concentrated).
@@ -624,7 +616,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-[:30]P(=[2]O)(-[:-90]OH)(-[:150]OH)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-[:30]P(=[2]O)(-[:-90]OH)(-[:150]OH)}
\textbf{Valence:} P is +3, O is -2, H is +1 (in OH groups), H is +1 (bonded to P) \textbf{Valence:} P is +3
\textbf{Properties:} Dibasic acid (only 2 acidic H), reducing agent. \textbf{Properties:} Dibasic acid (only 2 acidic H), reducing agent.
@@ -638,7 +630,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]P(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)(-[:90]OH)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]P(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)(-[:90]OH)}
\textbf{Valence:} P is +5, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} P is +5
\textbf{Properties:} Weak tribasic acid, non-oxidizing. \textbf{Properties:} Weak tribasic acid, non-oxidizing.
@@ -655,7 +647,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-Cl} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-Cl}
\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +1, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Cl is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Very weak acid, strong oxidizing agent, unstable. \textbf{Properties:} Very weak acid, strong oxidizing agent, unstable.
@@ -670,7 +662,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)}
\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +3, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Cl is +3
\textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists only in solution. \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists only in solution.
@@ -678,7 +670,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)}
\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +5, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Cl is +5
\textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong oxidizing agent. \textbf{Properties:} Strong acid, strong oxidizing agent.
@@ -692,7 +684,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)(=[6]O)(-[:-30]O)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Cl(=[2]O)(=[6]O)(-[:-30]O)}
\textbf{Valence:} Cl is +7, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Cl is +7
\textbf{Properties:} Very strong acid, strongest common acid, powerful oxidizing agent when hot/concentrated. \textbf{Properties:} Very strong acid, strongest common acid, powerful oxidizing agent when hot/concentrated.
@@ -708,7 +700,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]C(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:30]C(=[2]O)(-[:-30]OH)}
\textbf{Valence:} C is +4, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} C is +4
\textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists in equilibrium with CO$_2$ and H$_2$O. \textbf{Properties:} Weak acid, unstable, exists in equilibrium with CO$_2$ and H$_2$O.
@@ -725,19 +717,19 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-Br} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-Br}
\textbf{Valence:} Br is +1, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Br is +1
\textbf{HBrO$_3$} (Bromic acid) \textbf{HBrO$_3$} (Bromic acid)
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Br(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]Br(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)}
\textbf{Valence:} Br is +5, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Br is +5
\textbf{HIO$_3$} (Iodic acid) \textbf{HIO$_3$} (Iodic acid)
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]I(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{H-O-[:30]I(=[2]O)(-[:-30]O)}
\textbf{Valence:} I is +5, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} I is +5
\textbf{Reactions:} \textbf{Reactions:}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
@@ -749,7 +741,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:18]I(-[:90]OH)(-[:162]OH)(-[:234]OH)(-[:-90]OH)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{HO-[:18]I(-[:90]OH)(-[:162]OH)(-[:234]OH)(-[:-90]OH)}
\textbf{Valence:} I is +7, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} I is +7
\textbf{Reactions:} \textbf{Reactions:}
\begin{itemize} \begin{itemize}
@@ -762,7 +754,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{NaOH} (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda, Lye) \textbf{NaOH} (Sodium hydroxide, Caustic soda, Lye)
\textbf{Valence:} Na is +1, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Na is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Strong base, deliquescent, corrosive. \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, deliquescent, corrosive.
@@ -777,7 +769,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{KOH} (Potassium hydroxide, Caustic potash) \textbf{KOH} (Potassium hydroxide, Caustic potash)
\textbf{Valence:} K is +1, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} K is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Strong base, more hygroscopic than NaOH. \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, more hygroscopic than NaOH.
@@ -790,7 +782,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{LiOH} (Lithium hydroxide) \textbf{LiOH} (Lithium hydroxide)
\textbf{Valence:} Li is +1, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Li is +1
\textbf{Properties:} Strong base, used in CO$_2$ scrubbers. \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, used in CO$_2$ scrubbers.
@@ -803,7 +795,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Ca(OH)$_2$} (Calcium hydroxide, Slaked lime, Hydrated lime) \textbf{Ca(OH)$_2$} (Calcium hydroxide, Slaked lime, Hydrated lime)
\textbf{Valence:} Ca is +2, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Ca is +2
\textbf{Properties:} Moderately strong base, sparingly soluble in water (lime water). \textbf{Properties:} Moderately strong base, sparingly soluble in water (lime water).
@@ -817,7 +809,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Mg(OH)$_2$} (Magnesium hydroxide, Milk of magnesia) \textbf{Mg(OH)$_2$} (Magnesium hydroxide, Milk of magnesia)
\textbf{Valence:} Mg is +2, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Mg is +2
\textbf{Properties:} Weak base, very sparingly soluble, antacid. \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, very sparingly soluble, antacid.
@@ -829,7 +821,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Ba(OH)$_2$} (Barium hydroxide) \textbf{Ba(OH)$_2$} (Barium hydroxide)
\textbf{Valence:} Ba is +2, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Ba is +2
\textbf{Properties:} Strong base, more soluble than Ca(OH)$_2$. \textbf{Properties:} Strong base, more soluble than Ca(OH)$_2$.
@@ -845,7 +837,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{N(-[:90]H)(-[:210]H)(-[:330]H)} \textbf{Structure:} \chemfig{N(-[:90]H)(-[:210]H)(-[:330]H)}
\textbf{Valence:} N is -3, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} N is -3
\textbf{Properties:} Weak base, pungent gas, very soluble in water. \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, pungent gas, very soluble in water.
@@ -863,7 +855,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Formula:} NH$_4^+$ and OH$^-$ ions in aqueous solution \textbf{Formula:} NH$_4^+$ and OH$^-$ ions in aqueous solution
\textbf{Valence:} N is -3, H is +1, O is -2 \textbf{Valence:} N is -3
\textbf{Properties:} Aqueous ammonia solution, weak base. \textbf{Properties:} Aqueous ammonia solution, weak base.
@@ -877,7 +869,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Fe(OH)$_2$} (Iron(II) hydroxide, Ferrous hydroxide) \textbf{Fe(OH)$_2$} (Iron(II) hydroxide, Ferrous hydroxide)
\textbf{Valence:} Fe is +2, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Fe is +2
\textbf{Properties:} Weak base, white-green solid, easily oxidized. \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, white-green solid, easily oxidized.
@@ -889,7 +881,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Fe(OH)$_3$} (Iron(III) hydroxide, Ferric hydroxide) \textbf{Fe(OH)$_3$} (Iron(III) hydroxide, Ferric hydroxide)
\textbf{Valence:} Fe is +3, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Fe is +3
\textbf{Properties:} Very weak base, brown precipitate. \textbf{Properties:} Very weak base, brown precipitate.
@@ -900,7 +892,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Al(OH)$_3$} (Aluminum hydroxide) \textbf{Al(OH)$_3$} (Aluminum hydroxide)
\textbf{Valence:} Al is +3, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Al is +3
\textbf{Properties:} Amphoteric, white precipitate, antacid. \textbf{Properties:} Amphoteric, white precipitate, antacid.
@@ -913,7 +905,7 @@ Se (gray) & 221 & 685 & Hexagonal & Photocells, glass \\
\textbf{Cu(OH)$_2$} (Copper(II) hydroxide, Cupric hydroxide) \textbf{Cu(OH)$_2$} (Copper(II) hydroxide, Cupric hydroxide)
\textbf{Valence:} Cu is +2, O is -2, H is +1 \textbf{Valence:} Cu is +2
\textbf{Properties:} Weak base, blue precipitate. \textbf{Properties:} Weak base, blue precipitate.